Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a disease that could endanger maternal health, especially its serious complications. Although several previous studies have examined many risk factors of VTE in pregnancy and postpartum, we still lack studies that use quantitative methods to evaluate the strength, quality, and consistency of existing evidence. Objectives: to summarize risk factors for VTE in pregnancy and postpartum. Search Strategy: The search was conducted in PubMed、EMBASE, web of science、MEDLINE. Selection Criteria: Study reporting risk factors for VTE in pregnancy and postpartum. Data Collection and Analysis: Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3) was used for meta-analysis, and the outcome of the analysis was presented as odds ratio (OR). Main Results: We included 24 studies (7 case-control studies, 2 nested case-control studies and 15 cohort studies) and 14 of them were used for the meta-analysis. There were 59 risk factors with positive evidence in all studies and we selected 13 risk factors for the meta-analysis. The three most significant risk factors in the meta-analysis were Factor V Leiden (FVL) (OR = 9.95, 95% CI: 5.93–16.70), Placenta previa (OR = 8.74, 95% CI: 3.40–22.50), and cardiac disease (OR = 7.77, 95% CI: 5.31–11.38). Conclusions: The number of risk factors for VTE during pregnancy and postpartum is very huge. Our study showed that the main risk factors are advanced age, overweight, cesarean section, multiple pregnancy, placenta previa, FVL, F2 20210A and cardiac disease.