Development of Daphnia magna SSR markers and genetic diversity analysis
based on RAD-seq technology
Abstract
Daphnia magna belongs to the Cladocera order and plays an important role
in the water ecosystem. With the intensification of water pollution, the
wild population of D. magna has declined rapidly in recent years, and
insufficient molecular markers have limited effective research and
conservation of this species. In our research, 26 novel microsatellite
(SSR) markers were developed in an artificially domesticated of D. magna
and 12 wild population of D. magna using restriction site-associated DNA
sequencing (RAD-seq). The results showed that the observed
heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.083
to 0.999 and 0.085 to 0.862, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.368 to
0.805. These results indicate that the developed SSR marker is highly
polymorphic. Nei’s genetic identity (H) ranged from 0.0926 to 0.3462,
with a mean of 0.2233. Shannon’s Information index (I) ranged from
0.1333 to 0.4799, with an average of 0.3073; Shanxi province had the
highest value and Hunan province had the lowest. Genetic distance and
Nei’s genetic identity analysis, NJ tree diagram analysis, and PCoA
analysis were conducted on populations of Daphnia magna from different
regions. An analysis of population genetic structure divided the test D.
magna samples into two major groups. There was no absolute correlation
between the gene distribution of D. magna and its geographic origin.
These results indicate that the genetic diversity of D. magna is rich,
and the genetic structure of D. magna differs considerably in different
regions. These research results and the newly developed polymorphic SSR
markers for D. magna are of great significance in terms of the genetic
breeding of D. magna, identification of wild and artificially
domesticated species and conservation genetics research.