Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) mediates cannabinol (CBN) induced
developmental defects in zebrafish
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Of the three primary cannabinoids in cannabis:
9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabinol
(CBN), very little is known about the actions of CBN, the primary
oxidative metabolite of THC. Our goal was to determine if CBN exposure
during gastrulation alters embryonic development, and if so, via which
cannabinoid receptors. Experimental Approach: Zebrafish embryos during
the gastrulation stage (5-10.75 hpf) were exposed to CBN in the presence
or absence of cannabinoid receptor blockers. We examined neuronal
morphology, hair cell development and locomotion. Key Results: Embryos
exhibited dose-dependent malformations in morphology, increased
mortality, decreased locomotion and a reduction in motor neuron
branching. Larva exhibited a significant reduction in the response to
sound stimuli. CBN exposure altered the development of otic vesicles and
hair cells associated with the lateral line. Pharmacological block of
CB2Rs with AM 630 or JTE 907 prevented many of the CBN-induced
developmental defects, while block of CB1Rs with AM 251 or CP 945598 had
little or no effect. Conclusion and Implications: Altogether we show
that embryonic exposure to CBN results in alterations in embryonic
growth, neuronal and hair cell development, and physiology and behavior
via CB2R-mediated mechanisms. Our results suggest that embryos exposed
to CBN may be at an increased risk of abnormal development.