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High levels of inbreeding with spatial and host-associated structure in lice of an endangered freshwater seal
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  • Stephany Virrueta Herrera,
  • Kevin Johnson,
  • Andrew Sweet,
  • Eeva Ylinen,
  • Mervi Kunnasranta,
  • Tommi Nyman
Stephany Virrueta Herrera
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Kevin Johnson
University of Illinois
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Andrew Sweet
Illinois Natural History Survey
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Eeva Ylinen
University of Eastern Finland
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Mervi Kunnasranta
Natural Resources Institute Finland
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Tommi Nyman
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research
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Abstract

Host-specialist parasites of endangered large vertebrates are in many cases more endangered than their hosts. In particular, low population densities and reduced among-host transmission rates are expected to lead to inbreeding within parasite infrapopulations living on single host individuals. Furthermore, spatial population structures of directly-transmitted parasites should be concordant with those of their hosts. Using population genomic approaches, we investigated inbreeding and population structure in a host-specialist seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus) infesting the Saimaa ringed seal (Phoca hispida saimensis), which is endemic to Lake Saimaa in Finland, and is one of the most endangered pinnipeds in the world. We conducted genome resequencing of pairs of lice collected from 18 individual Saimaa ringed seals throughout the Lake Saimaa complex. Our analyses showed high genetic similarity and inbreeding between lice inhabiting the same individual seal host, indicating low among-host transmission rates. Across the lake, genetic differentiation among individual lice was correlated with their geographic distance, and assignment analyses revealed a marked break in the genetic variation of the lice in the middle of the lake, indicating substantial population structure. These findings indicate that movements of Saimaa ringed seals across the main breeding areas of the fragmented Lake Saimaa complex may in fact be more restricted than suggested by previous population-genetic analyses of the seals themselves.
06 Mar 2022Submitted to Molecular Ecology
06 Mar 2022Submission Checks Completed
06 Mar 2022Assigned to Editor
17 Mar 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
17 Apr 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
28 Apr 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
12 May 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
12 May 20221st Revision Received
20 May 2022Editorial Decision: Accept