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Comparison of three cohorts of COVID-19 patients with different severity: exposure to antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering agents
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  • Judit Riera-Arnau,
  • Antònia Agustí,
  • Marta Miarons,
  • Adrian Sanchez-Montalva,
  • Yolima Cossio,
  • Eduard Diogène,
  • Xavier Vidal,
  • Immaculada Danés
Judit Riera-Arnau
Hospital Vall d'Hebron

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Antònia Agustí
Hospital Vall d\'Hebron
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Marta Miarons
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Adrian Sanchez-Montalva
Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari
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Yolima Cossio
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
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Eduard Diogène
University Hospital Vall d'Hebron
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Xavier Vidal
Hospital Vall d'Hebron
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Immaculada Danés
Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron
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Abstract

Aim: The association between COVID-19 disease severity and certain medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases is currently under discussion. We herein evaluated if previous exposure to antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, and lipid-lowering drugs increases the risk of poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on three cohorts of COVID-19 adult patients between March 2020 and May 2020 at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Information relating to the patient lifestyle, comorbidities, and chronic exposures was retrieved from primary healthcare electronic records. Three cohorts were examined, namely patients who had died or required intensive care treatment (ICU/Death [ICU-D] Cohort), patients who required hospitalisation (Hospitalisation [HOSP] Cohort), and patients who only attended the emergency department (Emergencies [EM] Cohort). Descriptive statistics and a multivariate logistic regression model were used to investigate associations with drug exposure, where EM was employed as the reference cohort. Results: We included 1,778 patients: 417 (23.5%) from the ICU-D Cohort, 1,052 (59.2%) from the HOSP Cohort, and 309 (17.4%) from the EM Cohort. After multiple imputations and data adjustment by potential confounders, no statistically significant association was observed between the COVID-19 severity and the use of antihypertensives, hypoglycaemic agents, or lipid-lowering agents, with the exception of calcium channel blockers (CCB) (ICU-D Cohort: OR 2.23; CI 95% [1.03–4.83]; P = 0.042). Conclusions: Most results on lifestyle characteristics and comorbidities related to COVID-19 severity were in agreement with current knowledge, although some associated factors are nowadays a matter of controversy and further investigation is required.