Abstract
Global warming may detrimentally affect symbiosis between
dinoflagellates and other marine invertebrates. Heat stress has been
found to induce cellular changes possibly via epigenetic modifications,
including DNA methylation. In this project, we exposed symbiotic
dinoflagellates to hyper-thermal conditions (+7°C) in the presence of a
DNA methylation inhibitor, the drug 5-AZA-2’-deoxycytidine (5-AZA). We
monitored the early signs of oxidative stress and physiological changes
in dinoflagellates cultures in vitro. Real-time analyses of the
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant, reduced
glutathione (GSH) were performed in living dinoflagellate cells using
flow cytometry. After 24h of thermal stress, a 34% reduction in the
algal density was noted only in the presence of DNA methylation
inhibitor, while the opposite trend was reported in the cultures without
5-AZA, with a 33% increase in cell numbers. Our results revealed the
negative effect of DNA methylation inhibitor drug on Symbiodiniaceae
density and the size of cells when exposed to rising temperatures
indicating the importance of DNA methylation for symbiotic
dinoflagellates response to heat stress. Consequently, the plasticity of
algal symbionts to adapt and survive in a thermally challenging marine
environment may partially be influenced by DNA methylation.