Facile preparation of Heterogeneous Silica-Based Catalyst for
Transesterification of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
Abstract
In this study, heterogeneous silica-based catalyst was prepared from
rice husk using a facile method for transesterification of palm fatty
acid distillate (PFAD) into biodiesel. Huskcatacid and Huskcatbase were
characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy
Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and
pore size analysis. Results showed that Huskcatacid was efficiently
employed in esterification of PFAD to afford 91.6% ester in 1:1
(PFAD:MeOH) and 5 wt% catalyst, followed by transesterification in 1:1
(oil: MeOH) using Huskcatbase (1 wt%) to produce 97.5% biodiesel in 30
min, with high percentage of methyl palmitate (34.43%) and methyl
oleate (57.86%). Both Huskcatacid and Huskcatbase have high porosity
(2.726 x 10-3 cm3/g and 4.985 x 10-3 cm3/g) and surface area (7.362 m2/g
and 14.493 m2/g), respectively, which offer efficient esterification,
easy glycerol separation and reusability up to three times to afford
biodiesel ranging from 90-97% yield. The biodiesel obtained was applied
on Megatech®-Mark III engine and demonstrated a proportional increased
of torque (ɽ) with the B100 biodiesel loading. Rice husk demonstrated a
good potential as solid support heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock
for value-added products, which also assists to overcome agricultural
waste management issues.