Direct comparison of the tsunami-generated magnetic field with sea level
change for the 2009 Samoa and 2010 Chile tsunamis
Abstract
The tsunami-generated magnetic field on seafloor was found to be a
powerful tool for the tsunami early warning. Using the magnetic field,
it is possible to detect the propagation of tsunamis and to estimate
their wave height prior to their actual arrivals because it arrives
earlier than the tsunami sea level change and very sensitive to it.
However, these correlations have never been studied by the direct
comparison between the observed tsunami magnetic field and sea level
change. This study aims at the correlation between the tsunami magnetic
field and sea level change using the observed data and the
three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of the 2009 Samoa and 2010 Chile
earthquake tsunamis. The comparison of the observed tsunami magnetic
field and observed sea level change illustrated that the vertical
component of tsunami magnetic field, Bz, has a phase lead to the sea
level change. Combined with the 3-D simulation results, the initial rise
in observed tsunami Bh which also arrives earlier than the tsunami sea
level change was confirmed. We further examined the precision of
conversion of the tsunami magnetic field to the sea level change. The
results suggest that the converted tsunami sea levels have as high
precision as the differential pressure gauge data. However, our
simulation was unable to reproduce the observation well, because of the
inaccurate tsunami source models. It, therefore, is necessary that the
very precise sea level changes converted from the observed tsunami
magnetic field should be used in constructing new tsunami source models.