Abstract
Intrigued by a growing body of research on convective organisation, this
study investigates the morphology of precipitating marine cumulus
convection with and without cold pools under vertical wind shear. We ran
idealised large-eddy-simulation experiments with zonal forward and
backward shear and without shear. Without (or only weak) subcloud-layer
shear, conditions are unfavourable for convective deepening, as clouds
remain stationary relative to their subcloud-layer roots, and
precipitative downdrafts interfere with emerging updrafts. Conversely,
under forward shear, where the wind strengthens with height (a condition
that is commonly found in the trades), clouds move at a faster speed
than their roots, and precipitation falls downwind away from emerging
updrafts. This significantly facilitates convective deepening,
precipitation and consequently the formation of cold pools. Forward
shear has another advantage as opposed to weak or backward shear: The
existing background vorticity interacts with the (opposing) vorticity of
cold-pool gust fronts which facilitates forced uplift. Inhibiting
cold-pool formation delays convective deepening only shortly.