Abstract
Very-Long-Period (VLP) volcano seismicity often represents subsurface
magma resonance, and thus provides insight into magma system geometry
and magma properties. We develop a signal processing workflow using
wavelet transforms to detect and assess period, decay rate, and ground
displacement patterns of a wide variety of VLP signals. We then generate
and analyze a catalog of VLP seismicity over the 2008-2018 open vent
eruptive episode at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii USA. This eruption involved
a persistent lava-lake, multiple intrusions and rift zone eruptions, and
a climactic caldera collapse, with VLP seismicity throughout. We
characterize trends in two dominant magma resonances: the fundamental
mode of the shallow magma system is a vertical oscillation of the magma
column in the conduit/lava-lake, and higher frequency modes largely
consist of lateral lava-lake sloshing. VLP seismicity was mainly
triggered by lava-lake surface perturbations, and less commonly from
depth. Variation in event period and decay rate occurred on timescales
from hours-years. On timescales of months or less these changes were
often correlated with other datasets, such as ground tilt, SO2
emissions, and lava-lake elevation. Variation in resonant properties
also occurs over days-months preceding and/or following observed
intrusions and eruptions. Both gradual and abrupt changes in ground
displacement patterns indicate evolution of shallow magma system
geometry, which contributes to the variation in resonant modes. Much of
the variation on timescales of months or less likely reflects changing
magma density and viscosity, and thus could inform a variable shallow
magmatic outgassing and convective regime over the ten year eruptive
episode.