The impact of model choice on the quantification of seasonal hyporheic
exchange depths using a multi-model approach on a long time series
Abstract
Direction and depths of hyporheic exchange fluxes at the groundwater
surface water interface are a driver of biogeochemical processes
influencing e. g. nutrient supply and water quality. Here, we quantify
seasonal and episodic variations of hyporheic exchange fluxes and
hyporheic exchange depths with methods of heat tracing. Numerically
(FLUX-BOT) and analytically (VFLUX) working program scripts were used to
solve the one-dimensional conduction-advection-dispersion equation and
compute hyporheic flux rates from vertical sediment water temperature
profiles recorded continuously in a small low mountain creek between
2011 and 2017. Based on vertical hydraulic gradients Darcy exchange
fluxes were used as a benchmark. Volumetric heat capacity and thermal
conductivity of the sediment-water system were identified as the most
influential thermal properties for both modelling approaches and thus
chosen for a detailed analysis. By comparing the behavior of the two
different water temperature-based modelling approaches, dissimilarities
in sensitivity to sediment thermal properties and deviating optima for
both parameters were found. In general, using the analytical model
achieved higher Kling-Gupta-Efficiencies with regard to similarity with
the benchmark flux. The differences in parameter responsivity can
explain deviating performances of the models under several boundary
conditions. We show that the extension of hyporheic exchange depth has a
distinctive temporal variability, which is strongly influenced by
seasonal effects but also by the chosen model. Furthermore, surface
water levels, groundwater levels and stream discharges have a
significant effect on flux direction and hyporheic zone extension,
whereas model performance for both model types depended on air
temperatures as well.