INTRODUCTION A fascinating result of quantum mechanics leads us to the idea of entangled particles. When measuring one of two entangled photons, the measurment gives us data about both particles. Measuring one particle tells us about the quantum state of the other particle instantaneously. This instantaneous transfer of information is a serious locality violation as proposed by Albert Einstein. As a result, hidden variable theory was developed. The idea of hidden variables formulated by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) was meant to explain a quantum mechanical locality violation. As we will explore in greater detail, quantum entanglement seems to violate the idea of locality. In his 1905 papers, Einstein had proposed that information (or some form of physical influence) is bound to travel at or below the speed of light. In quantum entanglement if we know the original spin of the parent particle and one of the new spins, then we immediately know the spin of the second particle upon measurement of the first. It seems that we would receive information about the spin state of the second particle instantaneously! The main concept of the EPR argument was that a “hidden variable” would account for this violation and show how a quantum system does in fact obey locality. John Bell had taken this idea of hidden variables and applied it to a system of entangled photons and polarizers. He formulated an inequality under the assumption that hidden variable theory is true. Through matheatics and experimentation we will show how this inequality is violated. It appears that the idea of hidden variables must also be false and that a quantum system does indeed violate locality. Following Bell’s inequaity comes a series of experiments in which we may test the inequality. From these tests follow the ideas of “loopholes”. Loopholes in Bell test experiments provide a path in which we may question the validity of the results of these experiments. As an example, the aforementioned locality issue must be broken in order to show that the experiment is valid. For if information has been transfered in accordance with locality, then why preform the experiment at all? We will explore a recent Bell test experiment which suggests that the locality conditions are indeed violated.

The frequent occurrence of disasters has prompted the development of efficient disaster-responding equipment. This study deals with the design of special-purpose machinery and its performance assessment. We defined scenarios through the environmental analysis of disaster situations and expert consulting. We also formulated a set of design specifications by analyzing the objectives of the tasks that must be performed at disaster sites, based on simulated scenarios and existing disaster response machinery. The disaster-responding special-purpose machinery was designed to perform various tasks and display rapid movement in disaster situations. And this paper presents the control structure configured to operate the developed machinery. The performance of the special-purpose machinery was assessed through different scenario tests. 

Purpose:  Different radiation therapy (RT) strategies, e.g., conventional fractionation, hypofractionation, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), adaptive RT, and re-irradiation are often used to treat head and neck cancers. Combining and/or comparing these strategies require to calculate biological effective dose (BED). The purpose of this study is to develop a practical process to extract organ-specific radiobiologic model parameters that may be used for BED calculations in individualized RT planning for head and neck cancer. Methods:  The dose volume constraint data for 12 organs at risk (OAR) corresponding to no grade ≥ 3 toxicity for SBRT, hypofractionated and convectional fractionation treatments were compiled from various sources such as TG101, QUANTEC and clinical trial database. These data cover 10 fractionation schemes. A linear-quadratic-linear (LQ-L) model was used to extract model parameters (e.g., \(\alpha/\beta\),  \(\gamma/\alpha\) and \(d_t\)) from fitting the Iso-BED curves of those dose volume constraints for the OARs using an in-house python code. The obtained model parameters were integrated into a practical workflow in MIM software. Their practicality was tested for treatment planning of re-irradiation. Results:   The LQ-L model fitted the data well as indicated by smooth transition curves from SBRT to conventional fractionation data. The organ-specific model parameters were obtained, for example, \(\alpha/\beta\)=2.57Gy,  \(\gamma/\alpha\)=9.07Gy and \(d_t\)=7.65Gy, and \(\alpha/\beta\)=2.34Gy,  \(\gamma/\alpha\)=9.67Gy and \(d_t\)=6.80Gy for spinal cord and brainstem, respectively. The composite dose plans for retreatment of head and neck cancers with considering the obtained model parameters show up to 10% difference in physical dose constraints from traditional EQD2 method with \(\alpha/\beta\)=3.0Gy. Conclusion:   A practical process was developed to obtain organ-specific radiobiological model parameters from clinical data and was shown to generate more clinically relevant model parameters for calculating BED distributions compared to those extracted from cell line survival data. The practicality of the obtained parameters was demonstrated in creating composite plans for retreatment.

Emerging photovoltaics (PVs), focuses on a variety of applications complementing large scale electricity generation. For instance, organic, dye-sensitized and some perovskite solar cells are considered in building integration, greenhouses, wearable and indoors, thereby motivating research on flexible, transparent, semitransparent, and multi-junction PVs. Nevertheless, it can be very time consuming to find or develop an up-to-date overview over the state-of-the-art performance for these systems and applications. Two important resources for record research cells efficiencies are the National Renewable Energy Laboratory chart and the efficiency tables compiled biannually by Martin Green and colleagues. Both publications provide an effective coverage over the established technologies, bridging research and industry. An alternative approach is proposed here summarizing the best reports in the diverse research subjects for emerging PVs. Best performance parameters are provided as a function of the photovoltaic bandgap energy for each technology and application, and are put into perspective using, e.g., the Shockley-Queisser limit. In all cases, the reported data correspond to published and/or properly described certified results, with enough details provided for prospective data reproduction. Additionally, the stability test energy yield (STEY) is included as an analysis parameter among state-of-the-art emerging PVs.

The Digital Imaging and Vision Applications in Science (DIVAS) program was built to improve the computational self-efficacy and skill of first- and second-year college students majoring in biological and chemical sciences. Our three-year pilot study showed that the program could be successful in both fronts. The scholars, faculty, and staff who participated formed a community of practice that became the heart of the DIVAS program. Through this community, we expanded access to the image processing workshop in collaboration with The Carpentries, supported faculty and secondary educators in developing computing modules for their classrooms, and created and staffed a "writing center for computing" on the host campus. Overall, the DIVAS program has sparked a local computing culture. DIVAS interventions and resources are freely available for adoption by other institutions. We hope to grow the community in a way that builds student access and opportunities and supports educators in the process.

This document includes a Jupyter Notebook and other supporting information associated with [Article title] published in [AGU journal]

Advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing technology over the last decade have enabled exponential increases in throughput:   datasets with over a million cells are becoming commonplace.   The burgeoning scale of data generation, combined with the proliferation of alternative analysis methods,  led us to develop the scFlow toolkit and the nf-core/scflow pipeline for reproducible, efficient, and scalable analyses of single-cell and single-nuclei RNA-sequencing data.  The scFlow toolkit provides a higher level of abstraction on top of popular single-cell packages within an R ecosystem, while the nf-core/scflow Nextflow pipeline is built within the nf-core framework to enable compute infrastructure-independent deployment across all institutions and research facilities.  Here we present our flexible pipeline, which leverages the advantages of containerization and the potential of Cloud computing for easy orchestration and scaling of the analysis of large case/control datasets by even non-expert users.  We demonstrate the functionality of the analysis pipeline from sparse-matrix quality control through to insight discovery with examples of analysis of four recently published public datasets and describe the extensibility of scFlow as a modular, open-source tool for single-cell and single nuclei bioinformatic analyses.

Many (though not all) of my patients who have tried marijuana have felt that their tics improved after using it. Such self-treatment is not rare (poster P94 here), and other doctors report similar results (see for example poster P6 here). Pharmacological benefits from cannabis products are plausible, since cannabinoid receptors in the brain's basal ganglia are well positioned to affect movement . Of course, in addition to any real benefit from marijuana, there could be expectation effects, or one could simply care less about tics when high. Random allocation clinical trials with blind rating of benefit (RCTs) are essential to demonstrating whether marijuana has any true benefit for tics. Müller-Vahl and colleagues carried out two RCTs about 15 years ago in Tourette syndrome (TS) using THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the main intoxicating ingredient in cannabis . Both trials showed benefit, but the trials were relatively small. Two to 3 years ago, the Tourette Association of America funded two pilot studies in this field, but results have not yet been reported. One trial, at Yale, was to study the FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor PF-04457845 in TS , but the trial was placed on clinical hold pending results from a different trial. Investigators at Toronto Western Hospital were funded for a trial in TS of medical cannabis products with varying concentrations of THC and cannabidiol . Cannabidiol is being studied in several brain disorders, including epilepsy, with hopes that it may provide benefit without the psychological side effects of THC. Not surprisingly, the paucity of data has led to different viewpoints. Müller-Vahl has argued that THC may be appropriate in some TS patients , whereas an American Academy of Neurology review and a Cochrane-style review in JAMA concluded that the evidence was insufficient to recommend THC for tic disorders . The clinical utility of cannabinoids in TS was one of two clinical controversies debated at the 2015 First World Congress on Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders .

Background. This paper presents, for the first time, the Epidemic Volatility Index (EVI), a conceptually simple, early warning tool for emerging epidemic waves.  Methods. EVI is based on the volatility of the newly reported cases per unit of time, ideally per day, and issues an early warning when the rate of the volatility change exceeds a threshold.Results. Results from the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy and New York are presented here, while daily updated predictions for all world countries and each of the United States are available online.Interpretation. EVI's application to data from the current COVID-19 pandemic revealed a consistent and stable performance in terms of detecting oncoming waves. The application of EVI to other epidemics and syndromic surveillance tasks in combination with existing early warning systems will enhance our ability to act fast and optimize containment of outbreaks.

Will the people with demyelinating diseases ever be able to use CAR Treg cells to be cured, if it proves effective in the future? Probably not, considering its gigantic price. Researchers should focus on developing an affordable safe Treg-specific viral vector to produce CAR Treg’s in-vivo.  

We have been experiencing a global pandemic with baleful consequences for mankind, since the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in Wuhan of China, in December 2019.  So far, several potential risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified. Among them, the role of ABO blood group polymorphisms has been studied with results that are still unclear. The aim of this study was to collect and meta-analyze available studies on the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and different blood groups, as well as Rhesus state. We performed a systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases for published articles and preprints. Twenty-two studies, after the removal of duplicates, met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis with ten of them also including information on Rhesus factor. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the extracted data. Random-effects models were used to obtain the overall pooled ORs. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also performed. Our results indicate that blood groups A, B and AB have a higher risk for COVID-19 infection compared to blood group O, which appears to have a protective effect. An association between Rhesus state and COVID-19 infection could not be estabished. 

Science is not just about knowing but also about experiencing. Today with the boon of technological advancement we have easy access to information and knowledge which is merely a click away with the advent of technological transformation. Science is largely about learning and it majorly comes through the experience. So, it's more important how you can make the experience of science more accessible to a lot of people around the world. The actual experience of science is utilizing scientific tools to make your own discoveries. Prof. Manu Prakash at Stanford University \cite{lab} is in a quest of how can we make scientific tools that are so affordable, which are like buying a pencil from a shop, So what it would mean if a scientific tool is as accessible as pencil? What you would actually do, would you sketch with it or would you write a poetry with it, what exactly is the end of that for science? This really can be done across different fields by making scientific devices and tools for all. So how do you make the microscopic world easily visible, it's just around you but most people haven't actually seen it.  What a feeling of wonder it would be for all the people to zoom into that invisible world which we are part of. Frugal Science which came out as a philosophy is now an innovative research field. Frugal Science is a type of research focusing on the development of scientific tools that are far cheaper and more accessible to the average person \cite{wikipedia}. Accessibility is a big challenge that science is facing. facing. The day is not far when we can have devices for point of care applications in our pocket, the devices which are versatile and robust. We can have diagnostics of deadly infectious diseases in the field with simple and easy devices without the sophisticated instruments and expertise. Improve the quality of treatment and also decrease the cost so that broad community of people can benefit. \cite{sciencea}Science doesn't always have to be costly. This way people can experience the science and can make them more curious, have them discover this new world and interpret it in their own way. With frugal science we can have designers and inventors at every home, you just need nourish your curiosity as we know, "Curiosity is the mother of inventions". With accessibility to frugal tools people can unleash and discover the world and experience the science for themselves. Also, this can lead to transformation in global health solutions and making healthcare accessible to the most remote parts of the world and making it more affordable. There are plenty of problems around us which are in urgent need to be addressed but with simple solutions. We need many frugal scientist for together making this world a better place to live. Be Crazy Be Curious!!

IntroductionPlasmids are extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules that exists and replicate independently of the bacterial genome. Plasmids carry accessory genes that provides their host an advantage, such as the ability to survive under atypical harsh environments. Typical examples of this are the resistance to antimicrobial substances, tolerance to heave metals and nitrogen fixation. The structure of plasmids can be described in two categories: 1) the backbone carrying genes encoding for the basic functions of the plasmid such as replication, segregation and conjugation, 2) the accessory genes encoding traits that are beneficial to the host \citep{Harrison_2012}. Other backbone encoded function is the plasmid specific strategy for maintenance or loss prevention strategies, such as active partition systems, postsegregational killing (PSK) and copy number control mechanism.   The copy number of plasmids per cells depend on the origin of replication and can vary from 2 copies for low copy plasmids to 50 to 800 for high copy plasmids\citep{M_nch_2019}. The plasmid copy number is inversely correlated with their size (and number of functions). For this reason plasmids are classified by their size and general abilities, particularly of motion. In general large plasmids has the ability to copy themselves to another bacteria trough conjugation. Some others rather small plasmids could be mobilized by the former but lack the machinery to do it themselves. The called non-mobilizable plasmids are conceived to be small but a large percentage of them are almost as big as conjugative plasmids, this fact still remains an open question\citep{Smillie_2010}.Plasmids are important because they can perform horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by conjugation. Along with transduction by bacteriophages and transformation, the incorporation of naked DNA from the environment  are the processes from which prokaryotes acquire genes horizontally \citep{Rankin_2010}.  The plasmid paradoxCarrying a plasmid entails a burden to their host in terms of fitness cost with respect to a plasmid free bacteria. This burden is due to the upkeep of the plasmid DNA and the expression of proteins encoded in the plasmid. In terms of efficiency, this burden will tend to be lost, by outcompetence of a fellow plasmid free bacteria unless positive selection for the accessory traits is enforced.  And this selection force should be high enough to overcome the weight of carrying the plasmid.Even though selection exists, in the long run, the accessory traits would be incorporated into the bacterial chromosome. Although it has been shown that even without selection conjugative plasmids,  could be maintained by a high conjugation rate, which is unlikely to exist under natural circumstances. On top of this, there is existence of the so called cryptic plasmid which does not carry any beneficial traits to the host.For this reason, biologists asks: how plasmids are maintained in nature and in such great diversity?Elucidating the plasmid paradox is challenge in evolutionary theory, for this reason many researchers has focused their investigations on studying plasmids stability.Plasmids stability is also relevant in industry because plasmid are often used as vector to introduce a gene into a bacteria to biosynthesis of a particular product. Another motor for the study of plasmids behavior in a population has been the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. In which plasmids play a special role.Plasmid modelling has been proven to be a useful tool on the study plasmid dynamics in a population. The importance of models not only rely in their help to understand a particular process. In order for a model to work, the model must reproduce a behavior or fit  an experimental  data set, in such effort, abstractions and generalization must be made that may help explain how a particular process  is occurring. But the major contribution of models is that they can be used to make predictions that could be tested in laboratory condition or obtain biological data or samples are difficult or impossible to acquiere. 

A continuación, se muestra la ecuación de Ampere-Maxwell en sus dos notaciones, integral y diferencial. $$ \oint \cdot = I+ }{d t} \quad \text { donde } =\int \cdot \\ \times = + }{d t} $$ Muestre la equivalencia de las dos notaciones. A partir de una de las dos ecuaciones, obtenga la otra. A partir de las ecuaciones de Maxwell, obtenga la ecuación de continuidad (ecuación de conservación de la carga). $$ \nabla \cdot +{\partial t}=0 $$

Structural variants (SVs) are large rearrangements (> 50 bp) within the genome that impact gene function and the content and structure of chromosomes. As a result, SVs are a significant source of functional genomic variation, i.e. variation at genomic regions underpinning phenotype differences, that can have large effects on individual and population fitness. While there are increasing opportunities to investigate functional genomic variation in threatened species via single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets, SVs remain understudied despite their potential influence on fitness traits of conservation interest. In this future-focused Opinion, we contend that characterizing SVs offers the conservation genomics community an exciting opportunity to complement SNP-based approaches to enhance species recovery. We also leverage the existing literature–predominantly in human health, agriculture and eco-evolutionary biology–to identify approaches for readily characterizing SVs and consider how integrating these into the conservation genomics toolbox may transform the way we manage some of the world’s most threatened species.

INTRODUCTIONMesangiogenic Progenitor cells (MPCs)        Mesangiogenic Progenitor cells (MPCs) has been firstly described in 2008 in human bone marrow mononuclear cell (hBM-MNC) cultures intended to isolate mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in animal-free conditions \cite{Petrini_2009}. In this work, we substituted fetal calf serum (FBS), usually applied for the isolation/expansion of MSCs, with human autologous serum (hAS). The serum supplement switching did not affect hBM-MSC colture, however in comparison to standard FBS-supplemented cultures the application of hAS lead to the co-isolation of rounded, highly rifrangent and firmly attached cells , with a frequency that varied from 0.10 to 0.01% of total plated cells. After enzymatic digestion these cells remain attached and could be re-cultured in hAS for several weeks without signs of proliferation. Conversely, if re-cultured in FBS or pooled human cord blood sera, these rounded cells generated a new confluence of MSCs highly similar to those obtained from the primary culture in terms of proliferative, clonogenic and differentiative potential. As these "fried egg"-shaped cells also showed angiogenic and partially cardiomyogenic potential, were firstly named Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (MPCs). Later, we also developed a selective culture method able to isolate MPCs with high grade of purity and pushing the yield to around 1% of total plated cells, applying hydrophobic non gas-treated plastics as culture surface \cite{Trombi_2009}.  The establishment of an optimal culture condition for isolation of MPCs from hBM allowed a more extensive characterization of these interesting cells. In 2010, a specific MPC phenotype was defined to distinguishing them, by flow cytometry from standard MSCs resulting SSClowSSEA-4negCD105brightMSCA-1+CD90bright, while MPCs were SSChighSSEA-4+CD105dimMSCA-1negCD90neg. Interestingly, pluripotency-associated gene, as OCT-4 and NANOG, expression were detected in MPCs only as well as consistent expression of nestin \cite{Pacini_2010}.  Further investigations on integrins profile later revealed the expression of specific  α and  β chains on MPCs. In particular these cells showed podosome-like structures sustained by integrins αL (CD11a), αM (CD11b), αX (CD11c) and β2 (CD18) that were absent on MSCs, extending their phenotype characterization and functionally sustaining an increased adhesion onto activated and non activated endothelium \cite{Pacini2013}.    More rigorous studies and MPC differentiation capability demonstrated that their mesengenic commitment take place trough a SSA-4+CD105intCD90bright early intermediate precursor,  named early MSCs, activating a specific Wnt5/Calmodulin signaling pathway \cite{Fazzi2011}. After culturing MPCs for a week in mesengenic culture conditions, usually identified as "passage one MSCs" (P1-MSCs) cultures, cells can be detached and further expanded (P2-MSCs), definitively acquiring a classic or late MSCs phenotype and proliferation/differentiation features. Interestingly, P2-MSCs culture were independent to the activation of the Wnt5/Calmodulin signaling pathway and were not affected by Calmidazolium Chloride (CLMDZ), a potent and specific Calmodulin inhibitor, able to completely suppress the differentiation of primary MPC cultures into P1-MSCs, instead. Moreover, CLMDZ did not affect the endothelial differentiation of MPCs resulting highly specific inhibitor of the MPC differentiation into early MSCs only.     Minimal criteria to characterize MPC cultures has been definitively identified in 2016 \cite{Montali2016}. Alongside the above-mentioned lack of MSC markers  as CD73 also and specific integrin profile, phenotype should include  CD31 and surprisingly CD45, from weak to brightly expressed on MPC. A percentage of CD73negCD90negCD45+CD31+of 95% has been indicated as the lower purity limit to consider the primary culture as a MPC culture. However, more stringent functional characterization is represented by assaying the differentiation potential of these culture. Together with the demonstration that MPC are able to differentiate into P2-MSC, able then to form calcium deposit in osteogenic medium and intracellular lipid-droplets in adipogenic medium, MPCs should be able of angiogenic sprouting from 3D-spheroids cultured in VEGF-rich medium. At this time, as the cardiomyogenic differentiation could not be definitively demonstrated, MPCs were then re-named as Mesangiogenic Progenitor Cells, maintaining the same acronym. More recently, the MPC angiogenic potential and endothelial differentiation capability was clearly reported also in vivo, applying MPC constructs on chicken chorioallantoic membrane \cite{Montali2017}. In this work, we also showed that MPCs are able to uptake acetylated low density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL) and trans-endothelial migration but not directly form capillary-like tubes (CLTs) in gels composed of of extracellular matrix proteins. These CLTs were obtainable only if MPCs were firstly let sprout from 3D-spheroids, under VEGF stimulus in a 2-steps differentiation protocol similarly to the P1 and P2 steps of mesengenic differentiation. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that the mesengenic and angiogenic potentials of MPCs are mutually exclusive as P2-MSC completely lost any angiogenic potential. figura delle schema di differenziazione ampliato. AGGIUNGI risultati bortezomib dal lavoro MM

Optical Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy (CMDS) has been developed to probe the electronic states of a diverse range of complex systems. The great advantage of CMDS over linear spectroscopy is the ability to separate and quantify different types of interactions. To do this, multiple carefully controlled femtosecond laser pulses drive a non-linear response in the sample. A specific component of this non-linear response is selected and its amplitude and phase measured. There are several challenges for the experimental realization of optical CMDS, yet there have been several different approaches developed, each with their own advantages and limitations. Identifying the best approach then becomes dependent on the sample and the information being sought. Here we review the various experimental considerations and different approaches that have been developed. We consider the advantages and limitations of each of these, specifically in the context of experiments on solid state systems such as semiconductor nanostructures and 2D atomically thin materials. Two important considerations that are difficult to compare independently of other extraneous factors are the stability and sensitivity of the system. Here, we describe the experimental implementation of two different approaches that experience otherwise identical conditions and present an unbiased comparison of the stability and sensitivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by merging these two approaches we are able to combine the advantages of both into a single experiment.

Dispersal abilities play a crucial role in shaping the extent of population genetic structure, with more mobile species being panmictic over large geographic ranges and less mobile ones organized in meta-populations exchanging migrants to different degrees. In turn, population structure directly influences the coalescence pattern of the sampled lineages, but the consequences on the estimated variation of the effective population size (Ne) over time obtained by means of unstructured demographic models remain poorly understood. However, this knowledge is crucial for biologically interpreting the observed Ne trajectory and further devising conservation strategies in endangered species. Here we investigated the demographic history of four shark species (Carharhinus melanopterus, Carharhinus limbatus, Carharhinus amblyrhynchos, Galeocerdo cuvier) with different degrees of endangered status and life history traits related to dispersal distributed in the Indo-Pacific and sampled off New Caledonia. We compared several evolutionary scenarios representing both structured (meta-population) and unstructured models and then inferred the Ne variation through time. By performing extensive coalescent simulations, we provided a general framework relating the underlying population structure and the observed Ne dynamics. On this basis, we concluded that the recent decline observed in three out of the four considered species when assuming unstructured demographic models can be explained by the presence of population structure. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the limits of the inferences based on the sole site frequency spectrum and warn that statistics based on linkage disequilibrium will be needed to exclude recent demographic events affecting meta-populations.

Updated, peer reviewed and published at Canadian Journal of Medicine https://cjm.cikd.ca/article_60573.html

Background: Musculoskeletal pains (MPs) is a widespread public problem that can affect 13.5% to 47% of total population. Dietary changes have strong effects (positive and negative) on a person’s health. Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) as a part of protein structure, can be one of the precursors of neurotransmitters, antioxidative metabolic intermediates such as glutathione, effect on inflammation and finally play a role in severity and frequency of MPs. This article will discuss the relationship between dietary sulfur amino acids intake with severity and frequency of pain in patients with MPs. Methods: This study was a matched case–control study designed. The target population were 175 men and woman. Anthropometric measurements and pain assessment were collected with questionnaires. Dietary data were collected using 7 days 24-hour recall. ANOVA and Spearman correlation was also performed to examine the relationship between independent and outcome variables. For data analysis, P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant relationship between age, weight, waist circumference (WC), waist circumference to height (WHtR), body mass index (BMI) and severity and frequency of MPs among women. Similarly, in men, there was just a relationship between age and severity of pain. Conclusions: The present study didn’t show a positive and relative association between the dietary sulfur amino acids and severity and frequency of pain.

Sometimes measurement data are modeled with a logistic function of a logarithmic independent variable. If such a function is plotted over a linear axis, its sigmoid form is replaced by a negatively accelerated curve described by the Naka-Rushton equation. Furthermore sometimes it is required to know the size of an area below the plotted logistic function, for which the integral function of the logistic must be know. 

Achieving global sustainability goals requires most people and societies to fundamentally alter their relationship with nature. New approaches are called for to guide change processes towards sustainable futures that embrace the plurality of people’s perspectives on nature. This paper presents a novel approach to exploring desirable futures for nature and people that was developed through an application in National Park Hollandse Duinen in the Netherlands. This new national park is developed bottom-up by a diverse group of actors reshaping their interactions with each other and with nature. Our approach, co-designed with key stakeholders of the national park, engages with a new pluralistic framework for nature values presented by the IPBES task force on scenarios and models to catalyze the development of nature-centered scenarios. We integrated this Nature Futures Framework with the Three Horizons Framework in a participatory workshop process designed to bring people’s diverse relationships with nature to the fore, and jointly envision desirable futures and the pathways to get there. An analytical framework is used to analyze and compare the visions and assess their potential contribution to the SDGs. We summarize the results of the application in National Park Hollandse Duinen and reflect on lessons learned. We see much potential for this values-based futures approach to support change processes in various social-ecological contexts toward more sustainable futures for nature and people.

In recent times the left ventricular summit (LVS) has become an interesting heart region. This triangular epicardial area is a ventricular arrhythmias source with a high level of difficulty for radiofrequency ablation. Providing systematic and comprehensive anatomical terminology of the LVS region may facilitate the exchanging of information among anatomists and electrophysiologists, increasing knowledge over this heart region. We will provide new anatomical terminology such as the apex of the left ventricular summit, arcuate line, septal margin, and mitral margin, as well as present a recent state of basic – scientific knowledge from this heart region. 

Excavation of regolith is the enabling process for many of the in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) efforts that are being considered to aid in the human exploration of the moon and Mars. Most proposed planetary excavation systems are integrated with a wheeled vehicle, but none yet have used a screw-propelled vehicle which can significantly enhance the excavation performance. Therefore, CASPER, a novel screw-propelled excavation rover is developed and analyzed to determine its effectiveness as a planetary excavator. The excavation rate, power, velocity, cost of transport, and a new parameter, excavation transport rate, are analyzed for various configurations of the vehicle through mobility and excavation tests performed in silica sand. The optimal configuration yielded a 30 kg/hr excavation rate and 10.2 m/min traverse rate with an overall system mass of 3.4 kg and power draw of less than 30 W. These results indicate that this architecture shows promise as a planetary excavation because it provides significant excavation capability with low mass and power requirements. Corresponding author(s) Email:   hmarvi@asu.edu