When you write a thesis proposal, there should be three parts to the proposal:First or opening part, where you will describe a relevant health issue and an exposure that you will propose that you will study. This is also true when you write a paper where you will have investigated a problem and have arrived at a set of results. Second, middle part, where you will identify the gaps in the knowledge base and identify or list what gaps exist.Third, end part, where you will propose how you intend to fill the knowledge gap and move the knowledge base forward or indeed add to the knowledge base. In all cases, we will refer to a process of scientific thinking or knowledge production using a combination of inductive and deductive logic and we will also blend in some other aspects. These can be summarised as follows:Start with a set of observations. By observations, we mean either facts or we mean real world observations where you have first hand experience from your previous knowledge. If you have first hand observations or documentations, then start with these. If you have to start with personal experiences that you'd rather explore further, state them here. Or, if you have come across case studies or case reports that others have reported, state them here as well. Otherwise, you can use listing of the "facts" that you obtain from previous literature by conducting a literature review. As the first step, conduct a thorough literature review. The word thorough here indicates that you start with a specific question, and construct search terms, identify or specify literature sources that you should search in order to learn more about the topic and summarise them. You will also need to learn about or be aware of background information and foreground questions. Background information is information that is relevant or pertinent to the problem that you'd like to explore. Imagine that for your thesis, you'd like to explore the association between exposure to ambient air quality or ambient air pollution and risk of heart disease. Several authors and research groups have already explored this topic in the past, so you will need to provide a background to orient your reader as to what is meant by air quality, how is it mreasured, and what health issues you'd like to explore. These are background information; then, based on the background information, you need to ask foreground questions. These questions