A 62-year-old man with rare blood type exhibited severe respiratory failure due to novel coronavirus. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was inapplicable, which requires numerous blood products with the same blood type. We thoroughly restricted fluid volumes by sacrificing renal function. He was discharged with complete recovery of respiratory and renal functions.

The aim of this study was to investigate plant growth, fruit yields, IWUE and fruit quality in response to a micro/nano-bubble aeration (MNBA) system and a subsurface artificial air layer aeration system (SAALA) under different treatments. The results indicated that both MNBA and SAALA can positively influence plant dry weight, fruit yield, IWUE and, to some degree, fruit quality indices. In comparison with the no-aeration treatment, the MNBA treatment increased the dry matter accumulation, fruit yield, IWUE, lycopene content and soluble protein content by 7.1%, 9.0%, 7.1%, 6.2% and 16.2%, respectively, during the spring, while those during autumn increased by 4.0%, 14.4%, 4.0%, 3.8% and 1.7%, respectively. During the spring, the SAALA increased the dry matter accumulation, fruit yield, IWUE, lycopene content and soluble protein content by 13.0%, 25.1%, 13.0%, 2.9% and 15.1%, respectively, while those during autumn increased by 12.8%, 19.5%, 12.8%, 5.2% and 4.1%, respectively. PFM significantly improved the total dry weight, fruit yield and IWUE during both the spring and autumn seasons. Nevertheless, the soluble protein content decreased in response to the mulch treatment. The increased yield in response to soil aeration during autumn was significantly greater than that during the spring, and the yield increase in response to PFM was significantly greater in the spring than in autumn. Moreover, the nutrition indices in response to both soil aeration and PFM were more significant during spring than during autumn. Taking into account costs, efficiency and benefits, the optimal treatment was the MNBA and full PFM combination

How variations in carbon supply affect wood formation remains poorly understood in particular in mature forest trees. To elucidate how carbon supply affects carbon allocation and wood formation, we attempted to manipulate carbon supply to the cambial region by phloem girdling and compression during the mid- and late-growing season and measured effects on structural development, CO2 efflux, and nonstructural carbon reserves in stems of mature white pines. Wood formation and stem CO2 efflux varied with location relative to treatment (i.e., above or below the restriction). We observed up to twice as many tracheids formed above versus below the treatment after the phloem transport manipulation, whereas cell-wall area decreased only slightly below the treatments, and cell size did not change relative to the control. Nonstructural carbon reserves in the xylem, needles, and roots were largely unaffected by the treatments. Our results suggest that low and high carbon supply affects wood formation, primarily through a strong effect on cell proliferation, and respiration, but local nonstructural carbon concentrations appear to be maintained homeostatically. This contrasts with reports of a decoupling of source activity and wood formation at the whole-tree or ecosystem level, highlighting the need to better understand organ-specific responses, within-tree feedbacks, as well as phenological and ontological effects on sink-source dynamics.

Aim: With the widespread use of SGLT2i, various adverse events (AEs) have been reported. This study aimed to describe the distribution of SGLT2i-related AEs in different systems, quantify the association of important medical events (IMEs) and SGLT2i regimens, and build a signal profile of SGLT2i- induced IMEs. Methods: Data from 2015 Q1 to 2020 Q4 in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database (FAERS) were selected to conduct disproportionality analysis. Two signal indicators, the reported odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC), were used to evaluate the correlation between SGLT2i and IMEs. The lower end of the 95% confidence interval of IC (IC025) exceeding zero was deemed a signal. For ROR, it was defined a signal if ROR025 over one, with at least 3 cases. Results: A total of 45,771,436 records were involved, including 111,564 records related to SGLT2i, with 38,366 records of SGLT2i-induced IMEs. Overall, SGLT2i was significantly associated with IMEs (IC=0.36, 95% CI: 0.35-0.38; ROR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.42-1.46). Most SGLT2i-related adverse events occurred in monotherapy (92.93%). Diabetic ketoacidosis was the most IMEs. Specifically, acute osteomyelitis has the strongest signal of all SGLT2i (IC025=7.83), and it was unique to canagliflozin. Diabetic ketoacidosis, acute kidney injury, ketoacidosis, Fournier’s gangrene, and euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis were common to the four FDA-approved SGLT2i. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that different SGLT2i regimens lead to different important adverse events, but there are overlapping events. Early identification and management of SGLT2i-associated IMEs are essential for clinical practice.

Background: Titration of inspired oxygen is a challenge in preterm infants with hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF). Monitoring of brain oxygen by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proven to minimize the burden of hyperoxia and hypoxemia, with better understanding of cerebral autoregulation (CAR). integrating NIRS and pulse oximetry (SpO2) for titrating inspired oxygen is a novel approach. Methods: We aimed to study the impact of integrated monitoring of oxygen saturation by SpO2 and cerebral regional tissue oxygen (crRTO) by NIRS during oxygen reduction test (ORT) on reducing oxygen requirement in preterm infants with HRF. The correlation between SpO2 with crRTO, and fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) was assessed, concordance levels (r>0.5) were determined during the assessment period, and was considered as a sign of impaired autoregulation. The primary outcome was the achievement of significantly lower FiO2 at 72 hours after start of the integrated monitoring. Results: Total of 38 preterm infants were included, 27 had normal cerebral autoregulation (CAR), (group 1) in whom SpO2 was poorly correlating with cerebral regional tissue oxygen (crRTO) with (r<0.5) and had significantly greater percentage of reduction below baseline in FiO2 (Mean:34%). Eleven infants had impaired CAR (group 2) with SpO2 significantly correlating with crRTO (r>0.5) and had a linear trend of FOE inverse to SpO2 and crRTO; this was considered as an arterial saturation dependent oxygen delivery (SadDO2). Conclusion: Integrated monitoring of preterm infants by SpO2 and crRTO was associated with easier weaning of oxygen with less burden of both hyperoxia and hypoxemia.

This work discusses the results from tests conducted to investigate the uniaxial compression and creep behavior of red sandstone. The original untreated sample and the 800 ℃ treated sample have been selected to carry out the experiments. It has been found that high temperature has obvious influence on the mechanical properties of red sandstone. The relationship between creep strain and instantaneous strain, as well as instantaneous deformation modulus and creep viscosity coefficient have been analyzed. It has been found that high temperature reduces the ability of red sandstone to resist instantaneous deformation and creep deformation. Acoustic emission (AE) technology has been also used in the loading process of uniaxial compression and creep tests, providing a powerful means for damage evolution analysis of red sandstone.

Key points 1. This is the first report of adult primary herpetic oropharyngitis in the view point of the differences between the two types of herpes simplex virus (HSV). 2. 41 (25 type 1 and 16 type 2) HSV specific antigen positive cases among 68 immunoserologically confirmed adult HSV primary infection cases were investigated. 3. Significantly low incidence of oral lesions and high incidence of nausea were seen in HSV type 2 oropharyngitis cases, that might mean particular correlation vagus nerve and HSV type 2. 4. Significantly increased white blood cell count and high C-reacative protein value were seen in oropharyngitis by HSV type 2. 5. HSV type 2 possibly cause more severe symptoms and higher inflammatory reactions than type 1, without oral lesions.

Keypoints: • Implementing a one-stop Transnasal oesophagoscopy (TNO) service will benefit patients, clinicians as well as the NHS Trusts. • TNO is safe, well-tolerated and improves diagnostic and therapeutic precision in the upper aerodigestive tract and oesophagus. • The one-stop TNO service has clear financial benefits. • The one-stop TNO service is a streamlined pathway which improves patient care and experience. • Both the clinical and financial risk of introducing the service is low.

Theory predicts that threatened species living in small populations will experience high levels of inbreeding that will increase their negative genetic load but recent work suggests that the impact of load may be minimized by purging resulting from long term population bottlenecks. Empirical studies that examine this idea using genome-wide estimates of inbreeding and genetic load in threatened species are limited. Here we use genome resequencing data to compare levels of inbreeding, levels of genetic load and population history in threatened Eastern massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) which exist in small isolated populations and closely-related yet outbred Western massasauga rattlesnakes (S. tergeminus). In terms of inbreeding, S. catenatus genomes had a greater number of ROHs of varying sizes indicating sustained inbreeding through repeated bottlenecks when compared to S. tergeminus. At the species level, outbred S. tergeminus had higher genome-wide levels of genetic load in the form of greater numbers of derived deleterious mutations compared to S. catenatus presumably due to long-term purging of deleterious mutations in S. catenatus. In contrast, mutations that escaped the “drift sieve” and were polymorphic within S. catenatus populations were more abundant and more often found in homozygote genotypes than in S. tergeminus suggesting a reduced efficiency of purifying selection in smaller S. catenatus populations. Our results support an emerging idea that the historical demography of a threatened species has a significant impact on the type of genetic load present which impacts implementation of conservation actions such as genetic rescue.

A graph is called a partial cube if it can be embedded into a hypercube isometrically. In this paper, we study a class of Cayley graphs —Cayley graphs generated by transpositions and show that a Cayley graph Γ generated by transpositions is a partial cube if and only if Γ is a bubble sort graph. This result enhances a result of Alahmadi et al. [Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. 39 (2016), 4856–4865]: BSn is a partial cube. As a corrollary, we give the analytical expressions of the Wiener indices of bubble sort graphs.

African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) causes a deadly disease of pigs which spread through southeast Asia in 2019. We investigated one of the first outbreaks of ASFV in Lao Peoples Democratic Republic amongst smallholder villages of Thapangtong District, Savannakhet Province. In this study, two ASFV affected villages were compared to two unaffected villages. Evidence of ASFV-like clinical signs appeared in pig herds as early as May 2019, with median epidemic days on 1 and 18 June in the two villages, respectively. Using participatory epidemiology mapping techniques, we found statistically significant spatial clustering in both outbreaks (P < 0.001). Villagers reported known risk factors for ASFV transmission − such as free-ranging management systems and wild boar access − in all four villages. The villagers reported increased pig trader activity from Vietnam before the outbreaks; however, the survey did not determine a single outbreak source. The outbreak caused substantial household financial losses with an average of 9 pigs lost to the disease, and Monte Carlo analysis estimated this to be USD 215 per household. ASFV poses a significant threat to food and financial security in smallholder communities such as Thapangtong, where 40.6% of the district’s population are affected by poverty. This study shows ASFV management in the region will require increased local government resources, knowledge of informal trader activity and wild boar monitoring alongside education and support to address intra-village risk factors such as free-ranging, incorrect waste disposal and swill feeding.

A document by Jon Lomasney, written on Authorea.

Obturator hernia is a rare condition. It is more commun in women than men owing to their greater width of the pelvis and larger obturator canal. We report 2 cases of strangulated obturator hernia, which were preoperatively diagnosed, in 2 female patients without previous history of abdominal surgery.

Isolated cecal necrosis is a rare variant of ischemic colitis which typically simulates the presentation of acute appendicitis. The elderly population is the most affected. We report 2 cases of isolated caecal necrosis, which were preoperatively diagnosed, in 2 female patients with a history of hypertension and renal failure.

Based on a coarsening strategy of adjacency matrix, a new algebraic prolongation operator is developed for standard V-cycle multigrid method to accelerate the whole process. An efficient algebraic multigrid (EAMG) method is proposed for solving large-scale linear systems, arising from finite element (FE) discretization of second order elliptic boundary value problems. Numerical experiments on polygonal domains are conducted to demonstrate the EAMG computation is more efficient than standard method.

The safety of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probes has been documented in pediatric patients (neonates, infants, and small children even < 2.5 Kg). The overall safety profile of TEE probe is quite favourable with a reported incidence of complications is about 1-3%. However, insertion of the TEE probe can induce vagal and sympathetic reflexes such as hypertension or hypotension, non-sustained ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias [3rd degree heart block], and even angina and myocardial infarction. We hereby document a repeated and fatal intraoperative VF precipitated by TEE probe in a 2-year-old, 10 kg paediatric patient diagnosed with ostium secundum atrial septal defect (OS-ASD), supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (PS) and severe right ventricular (RV) dysfunction.

Regional analgesia in Cardiac anesthesia: Welcoming a new era in perioperative pain management.Soojie Yu MD1, Oscar D. Aljure MD21 Mayo Clinic Arizona, Department of Anesthesiology2University of Miami, Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic AnesthesiologyPoorly controlled post-operative pain can delay recovery and may increase the risk of morbidity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. After surgery, the sternal incision is the most common source of pain[1]. Historically, the mainstay for pain management in this population has been usage of narcotic analgesics but with the recognition that overprescription of opioids may be contributing to the opioid pandemic, an adoption of a multimodal approach for pain management has been gaining more popularity among institutions in the US. Neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia has been used in the past but its impact in hemodynamics added to the risk associated with heparinization and coagulopathy has limited its use in cardiac surgery[2]. Newer regional anesthesia/analgesia methods utilizing ultrasound guidance are associated with lower risk of complications when compared to neuraxial approach. Regional blocks that cover post-sternotomy pain include transverse thoracic muscle plane (TTMP) block, parasternal block, pecto-intercostal fascial blocks (PIFB), and erector spinae plane blocks[2]. Out of all these newer techniques, the number of published prospective double blinded studies are limited[2]. A contributing factor to the difficulty finding literature for these type of blocks is the description of the technique by the authors. A good example is the TTMP block where the local anesthetic is deposited in the TTMP block is similar to the described approach for the parasternal nerve block[3, 4]. Nomenclature aside, Kar and Ramachandran showed there are few prospective randomized control studies published on newer non-neuraxial regional techniques for postoperative pain control after cardiac surgery[2].In this issue of the Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Zhang et al present a prospective double-blinded study that looks at TTMP blocks placed pre-incision for post-sternotomy pain control after induction of anesthesia. In their study, for their TTMP block, the technique defined by the authors deposits local anesthetic between the costal cartilage and the transversus thoracis muscle as described similarly in other reports [5].Zhang and collaborators described on their study a significantly lower consumption of intraoperative opioids in the intervention group, that goes in hand with prior studies that have shown similar results when the block is performed after induction of anesthesia[6, 7]. In a study by Padala et al, patients who received blocks pre-incision had decreased fentanyl administration intraoperatively compare to patients who received the block prior to sternotomy closure[7]. In Zhang’s study, the block group had faster extubation times, decreased pain scores up to 24 hours after surgery and decreased post-operative opioid administration. The block group also had improved quality of sleep after extubation which can enhance recovery and decrease risk of delirium[8].While regional blocks are very effective as shown by Zhang et al, a common issue is the short duration of the analgesic effects. Studies based on patient satisfaction have shown that the majority of patients continue to have mild to moderate sternotomy pain especially with movement and coughing up to post-operative day three or later[9]. Whether the block was placed post-induction or prior to sternal closure, Padala’s study showed timing of placement of regional block did not seem to affect the total opioid requirement nor the pain scores for up to 24 hours postoperatively[7]. Another study by Lee and collaborators, evaluated if the administration of Liposomal Bupivacaine would prolong the analgesic effect of the regional block. This formulation of bupicaine can have analgesic effects up to 72 to 96 hours[10]. In the study, the parasternal intercostal block was placed just before sternotomy closure[10]. Overall pain scores up to 72 hours postoperatively were significantly lower when utilizing a linear mixed effects model at a 5% significance level in the Experal group compare to the placebo group[10]. Opioid administration though was not significantly different overall nor at individual time points up to 72 hours post-operatively[10].In this article, Zheng discusses the placement of a continuous infusion catheter as compared to a single shot block as an option to prolong the analgesic effects of the TTMP block. On a similar study, Ueshima, et al placed bilateral catheters after performing a TTMP block in two patients undergoing a median sternotomy. These catheters were administering intermittent and on demand boluses of levobupivacine for two days postoperatively. Both patients did not require any additional analgesics[11]. A limitation for this technique is that the catheters were placed after induction of general anesthesia and this could not be feasible in all cardiac surgeries with median sternotomy. The internal mammary artery (IMA) and vein courses through the TTMP therefore administration of local anesthetic or placement of a catheter could be an issue in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with IMA harvesting[6].TTMP blocks are relatively quick and easy to place but complications which include pneumothorax, local anesthetic allergy, infection [12] and injury to the internal mammary artery and vein can occur. One particular study showed tissue plane separation after the TTMP block that did not affect directly the ability to harvest the IMA nor did it have any obvious effect on the IMA[6]. In this study, Zheng had a very low incidence of complications adding to the safety profile of this block in cardiac surgery.Another popular technique that has been recently described that also targets the anterior intercostal nerves is the pecto-intercostal fascial block (PIFB) also called parasternal intercostal nerve block (PINB)[3]. For PIFB, local anesthetic is deposited between the pectoralis major and intercostal muscles making the location more superficial to TTMP block[13]. The more superficial location potentially decreases the risk of pneumothorax while still providing post-sternotomy pain control. Similar to TTMP blocks, patients who received PIFB had decreased pain scores but the amount of opioid consumption was not significant decreased compared to placebo control[13]. There has not yet been a study published comparing TTMP to PIFB for post-sternotomy pain control and risk of complications.In this issue of the Journal of Cardiac surgery, Zheng adds supporting evidence to the use of the newer non-neuraxial regional techniques as a feasible, practical option for the management of postoperative pain control in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery. This study adds to the growing evidence that TTMP blocks cover median sternotomy pain which is the main source of pain in post-cardiac surgery patients. The TTMP blocks are safe, easy to perform in the operating room after anesthesia and the incidence of complications is very low as reported in other studies. Limitations exist with TTMP blocks which include the relative short duration of analgesia. More studies will be needed to evaluate the continuous infusion of local anesthetic or other supplemental regional techniques to prolong the beneficial effects of this block.1. Mueller, X.M., et al., Pain location, distribution, and intensity after cardiac surgery. Chest, 2000. 118(2): p. 391-6.2. Kar, P. and G. Ramachandran, Pain relief following sternotomy in conventional cardiac surgery: A review of non neuraxial regional nerve blocks. Ann Card Anaesth, 2020. 23(2): p. 200-208.3. Del Buono, R., F. Costa, and F.E. Agro, Parasternal, Pecto-intercostal, Pecs, and Transverse Thoracic Muscle Plane Blocks: A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 2016. 41(6): p. 791-792.4. Fujii, S., Transversus thoracis muscle plane block and parasternal block. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 2020. 45(4): p. 317.5. Ueshima, H. and H. Otake, Where is an appropriate injection point for an ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block?J Clin Anesth, 2016. 33: p. 190-1.6. Cardinale, J.P., et al., Incorporation of the Transverse Thoracic Plane Block Into a Multimodal Early Extubation Protocol for Cardiac Surgical Patients. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2020: p. 1089253220957484.7. Padala, S., et al., Comparison of preincisional and postincisional parasternal intercostal block on postoperative pain in cardiac surgery. J Card Surg, 2020. 35(7): p. 1525-1530.8. Ranjbaran, S., et al., Poor Sleep Quality in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: An Intervention Study Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model. J Tehran Heart Cent, 2015. 10(1): p. 1-8.9. Lahtinen, P., H. Kokki, and M. Hynynen, Pain after cardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study of 1-year incidence and intensity.Anesthesiology, 2006. 105(4): p. 794-800.10. Lee, C.Y., et al., A Randomized Controlled Trial of Liposomal Bupivacaine Parasternal Intercostal Block for Sternotomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 2019. 107(1): p. 128-134.11. Ueshima, H. and H. Otake, Continuous transversus thoracic muscle plane block is effective for the median sternotomy. J Clin Anesth, 2017. 37: p. 174.12. Ueshima, H. and H. Otake, Ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block: Complication in 299 consecutive cases. J Clin Anesth, 2017. 41: p. 60.13. Khera, T., et al., Ultrasound-Guided Pecto-Intercostal Fascial Block for Postoperative Pain Management in Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2021. 35(3): p. 896-903.

Water resource management in ungauged catchments is complex due to the uncertainties around the hydrological parameters that dominate the streamflow behaviour. These parameters are usually defined by regionalization approaches in which hydrological response patterns are transferred from gauged to ungauged basins. Regression-based methods using physical properties derived from cartographic data sources are widely used. The current remote sensing techniques offer us new standpoints in regionalisation processing since the hydrological response depends on the physical attributes related to the spectral responses of the territory. Moreover, machine learning approaches have not been specifically applied to the regionalization of hydrologic parameters. This work studies the capability of a catchment’s spectral response based on Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data to address a regression-based regionalization of hydrological parameters using a machine learning approach. Hydrological modelling was conducted by the HBV-light model. We tested the random forest algorithm in several regionalization scenarios: the new approach using the catchments’ spectral signature, the traditional method using physical properties and a fusion of them. The calibration results were excellent (median KGE = 0.83), and the regionalized parameters obtained with the random forest algorithm achieved good performance in which the three scenarios showed almost the same goodness of fit (median KGE = 0.45 to 0.50). We found that the effectiveness depends on the climatic environment and that predictions in humid catchments exhibited better performance than those in the driest catchments. The physical approach (median KGE= 0.71) exhibited better performance than the spectral approach (median KGE= 0.64) in humid catchments, whereas spectral regionalization (median KGE= 0.33) outperformed the physical scenario in the driest catchments (median KGE= 0.25). Herein, our results confirm that regionalization is still challenging in Mediterranean climate variants where the new spectral approach showed promising results and time series of satellite data could improve seasonal regionalization methodologies.

Abstract: 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an important industrial derivative of L-ascorbic acid (AA), which has the distinct advantages of non-reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible decomposition into L-ascorbic acid and glucose. Enzymatic synthesis is a preferred method for AA-2G production over alternative chemical synthesis owing to the regioselective glycosylation reaction. α-Glucosidase, an enzyme classed into O- glycoside hydrolases, may be used in glycosylation reactions to synthesize AA-2G. Here, one α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa (rAGL) was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris GS115 and used for biosynthesis of AA-2G with few intermediates and byproducts. The extracellular rAGL reached 9.11 U/mL after fed-batch cultivation for 102 h in a 5-L fermenter. The specific activity of purified rAGL is 49.83 U/mg at 37 °C and pH 4.0. The optimal temperature of rAGL was 65 °C, and it was stable below 55 °C. rAGL was active over the range of pH 3.0–7.0, with the maximal activity at pH 4.0. Under the condition of 37 °C , pH 4.0, equimolar maltose and AA·Na, 8.7±0.4 g/L of AA-2G was synthesized by rAGL. These studies lay the basis for the industrial application of recombinant α-glucosidase. Keywords: α-Glucosidase; Oryza sativa; 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid; Transglycosylation; Pichia pastoris

In this paper, a bioimpedance sensor used to measure the impedance behavior of the biological cells cultured on a scaffold of collagen thin films. The collagen thin films with different concentrations were created on a 1-hexadecanethiol modified surface of the interdigitated electrodes(IDEs). The mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were cultured on the collagen thin films. The interaction and the proliferation rate of these cells were investigated by the microscopic, and bioimpedance approaches. Results showed that the MSCs, and HUVECs excellently attached to the collagen thin films. Impedance measurements of the cells cultured on the collagen thin film were performed by a Hioki IM3570 impedance analyzer at the frequency band of 10 kHz to 1MHz at 10 mV. Bioimpedance measurements showed that the proliferation rate of both MSCs, and HUVECs increased by decreasing the collagen thin films concentration. After 48 h, the differential impedances (ΔΖ ) of the MSCs cultured on the collagen thin layers with concentrations of 250μg/mL,500μg/mL , and 1000μg/mL measured 3.09Ω≤Δ≤48.03Ω, 2.62Ω≤Δ≤45.79Ω, and 1.9Ω≤Δ≤25.22Ω, respectively. Also, ΔΖ of the HUVECs obtained 27.3Ω≤Δ≤39.2Ω, 8.25Ω≤Δ≤18.43Ω, and 0.96Ω≤Δ≤9.6Ω for the corresponding frequency band and collagen thin films concentrations.

Abstract Concurrent presentation of MS and congenital ichthyosis is extremely rare. In this study we present a case of a 27-year-old woman with congenital ichthyosis who presented with signs of multiple sclerosis. This concurrence may provide insight into any common immunopathologic and genetic mechanisms.

Cushion plants are widely representative species of the alpine ecosystem due to their vital roles in the abiotic and biotic environments, ecological succession processes, and ecosystem engineering. Importantly, Cushion plants, such as Androsace L. and Arenaria L., can be regarded as critical pioneers of ecosystem health, restoration and sustainability across the Tibetan Plateau because these plants (i) exhibit tenacious vitality, regulate regional climates, substrates and soil nutrients and keep warmth in extreme regions; (ii) facilitate relationships with surrounding and maintain the diversity of above- and below-ground communities; and (iii) have high sensitivity to environmental changes, which can indicate grassland ecosystem health and resilience in the context of global change.

Gallbladder torsion is an unusual cause of an acute abdomen that can be mortal. It mimicks commonly acute cholecystitis. Its diagnosis is challenging for surgeons. Once it is suspected, prompt surgical treatment must be carried out, which is detorsion with cholecystectomy.

The entire world is dealing with this pandemic of COVID-19 since December 2019. And several variants of this SARS-COV2 virus have occurred and they have more impact on the increase in the mortality rate and it has now increased to more than 5 percent up till now which is quite an alarming state. But despite this, every day increasing mortality rate the vaccine which is now available for use is not considered to be effective by the general population due to their self-created myths and this leads them to be reluctant to the vaccine. And that's why the vaccination process is still far slow as we know that the number of cases is getting increased day by day the immunization by the vaccine is much important to cope up with this challenging pandemic. There is a need to avoid the psychological considerations for the vaccination because vaccine provision is important to provide the maximum number of individuals with the vaccine so the more complex states of this variant form of viral infection could be deal with in a more sophisticated manner.