Replication cases

Case 1: The Common Feature of Leukemia-Associated IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations Is a Neomorphic Enzyme Activity Converting a-Ketoglutarate to 2-Hydroxyglutarate \cite{Ward_2010}.
IDH1 and IDH2 are metabolic enzymes that are often mutated in certain cancers. The report by Ward et al. claims, as its title indicates, that all these mutants make 2-hydroxyglutarate, a molecule that is not produced by the normal enzymes and which is present in normal cells in trace amounts. The significance of this claim is in explaining how distinct IDH1 and IDH2 mutations contribute to cancer development.
By reviewing 743 articles citing the report by Ward et al., we identified 17 independent studies, (Data), including the replication report \cite{Showalter_2017}, which verified the claim by measuring the activities of mutants IDH1 and IDH2. We considered a study independent if its senior author was different from that of the cited report, which included collaborative studies with the laboratory reporting the claim. One out of 17 confirming articles was collaborative in this case. We have found no refuting studies. Hence, the R-factor of the claim by Ward et al. is 17/(17+0) = 1.017 (Fig. \ref{900585}, left), which is concordant with the conclusion of the replication study \cite{Showalter_2017}