Highlights
  1. Urban landscapes must evolve to embrace resilience against pandemics.
  2. The evolutionary footprint of past pandemics is evident in the intricate tapestry of urban development and the evolution of public health strategies.
  3. Urban policy reforms covering public health, spatial planning, infrastructure development, governance, and disaster management are proposed for smart and efficient cities.
  4. Harnessing the lessons of history is paramount for crafting effective urban policies in developing nations, ensuring sustainable growth and equitable development.