Figure 3. Centroid niche marginality at LGM and present for each genetic clade for highland (A) and lowland (B)taxa. A decrease in niche marginality is observed for most clades, except for five highland northern clades and two lowland southern that show an increase in marginality for present day climate, indicated with their numeric identifier according to Table 1. Figure not showing 3 highland outliers (see Supporting Information for graphs with the outliers).
As a second measure of niche marginality, we evaluated the change in the proportion of different marginality values within the suitable area for each clade for present day climate and LGM, and clustered the different clades based on the similarity of their change in normalized area of different marginality values (Figure 4a). The species F. columnaris was not included in this analysis since it did not present suitable areas for LGM GCM climatic conditions. The best supported number of clusters was five (Figure 4b) that can be qualitatively described as taxa with: i) much more marginal area at LGM, ii) much more marginal area at present, iii) slightly more marginal area at LGM, iv) slightly more marginal area at present, and v) similar marginality at present and LGM. Most highland species clustered in the more marginal area at present (group ii; Figure 4). There was no clear grouping by taxonomic group (plant, mammal or reptile) or location of the genetic clade.